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Visible Costs and Invisible Benefits : Military Procurement as Innovation Policy
This book examines the historic role of professional and demanding military customers in industrial development.Particular emphasis is paid to public procurement of military equipment as a catalyst for innovation; and the civilian commercialization of military technologies (from gunpowder and cannons to submarines, missiles and aircraft) is documented by many case illustrations that show how macro-level productivity advance has been generated.A complementary volume to Advancing Public Procurement as Industrial Policy (2010), which focused on the spillover effects of the Swedish combat aircraft, Gripen, in this book Gunnar Eliasson widens the perspective to cover product development across the Swedish defense industry, with an emphasis on regional economic development and macro-economics, inter alia through the involvement of Saab (aircraft) and Kockums (submarines) in partnership ventures in Australia, Norway and Brazil. The volume is organized into four parts. Part one examines the historical transformation of the Swedish economy over the past three centuries from agriculture and raw materials to an advanced industrial economy.Part two presents detailed case studies to illustrate the spillover effects of procurement projects and military-industrial partnerships.Part three explains the spillover phenomenon theoretically within a dynamic micro- to macro-economic perspective.Particular emphasis is placed on the empirical credibility of model-based economy-wide and dynamic cost-benefit calculations.The book concludes with a section on fostering industrial development through public procurement.The result is a book that will appeal to economists in the industrial economics and management fields; to technical, marketing and purchasing executives in business; and to policy makers in public procurement concerned with innovation and long-run industrial development.
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Powerful Medicines : The Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs
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Reforming Occupational Licensing in the US : Reducing Social Costs and Increasing Social Benefits in the Legal, Medical, and Financial Services Professions
Nearly one-third of US workers must obtain a license from a government agency to perform their jobs legally.This impacts employees across all areas, including lawyers, doctors, and accountants, as well as florists, hairdressers, physical therapists, and plumbers.The justification for occupational licensing is that potential consumers allegedly lack the information and knowledge to judge the competence of a service provider.This necessitates a licensing system built to ensure that customers are served by people who have received adequate training and certification in their profession. While there are recognizable benefits of occupational licensing, the training and certification requirements create barriers to entry for employees or those entering the profession.These barriers can limit competition, raise service costs, and restrict consumer access to essential services.Recent empirical work suggests that consumers have incurred these costs without being adequately protected from incompetent or unscrupulous service providers.This book addresses this situation head on. In light of occupational licensing's shortcomings, the authors of this book propose and analyze constructive reforms, assessing their effects on key professions such as law, medicine, and finance.Chapters identify the significant costs of current policies and they recommend practical reforms that rely more on market forces.The resulting book provides new ways to reduce licensing costs without compromising service quality.
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Evaluating Testing, Costs, and Benefits of Advanced Spectroscopic Portals : Final Report (Abbreviated Version)
This letter is the abbreviated version of an update of the interim report on testing, evaluation, costs, and benefits of advanced spectroscopic portals (ASPs), issued by the National Academies' Committee on Advanced Spectroscopic Portals in June 2009 (NRC 2009).This letter incorporates findings of the committee since that report was written, and it sharpens and clarifies the messages of the interim report based on subsequent committee investigations of more recent work by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO).The key messages in this letter, which is the final report from the committee, are stated briefly in the synopsis on the next page and described more fully in the sections that follow.The committee provides the context for this letter, and then gives advice on: testing, evaluation, assessing costs and benefits, and deployment of advanced spectroscopic portals.The letter closes with a reiteration of the key points.The letter is abbreviated in that a small amount of information that may not be released publicly for security or law-enforcement reasons has been redacted from the version delivered to you in October 2010, but the findings and recommendations remain intact. Table of ContentsFront MatterLetter ReportReferencesAttachment 1 The Joint Explanatory Statement and the Statement of TaskAttachment 2 Evaluating Testing, Costs, and Benefits of Advanced Spectroscopic Portals for Screening Cargo at Ports of Entry INTERIM REPORTAttachment 3 Committee on Advanced Spectroscopic Portals Roster and Brief BiographiesAttachment 4 Nuclear and Radiation Studies BoardAttachment 5 Reviewers
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Who bears the costs for sexual assistance?
The costs for sexual assistance can vary depending on the specific situation. In some cases, the individual receiving the assistance may bear the costs themselves, either through private payment or through funding from disability support programs. In other cases, the costs may be covered by government healthcare programs or non-profit organizations that provide sexual assistance services. Ultimately, the responsibility for covering the costs of sexual assistance may depend on the availability of funding and support within a particular healthcare system or community.
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How does the coverage of costs for a dog health insurance work in case of emergency?
In case of an emergency, dog health insurance typically covers a portion of the costs associated with the emergency treatment. The coverage amount can vary depending on the specific policy and provider. Pet owners usually have to pay for the treatment upfront and then submit a claim to the insurance company for reimbursement. It's important to review the policy details carefully to understand what is covered and any limitations or exclusions that may apply.
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What are hidden costs in basic services?
Hidden costs in basic services refer to additional fees or charges that are not immediately apparent to the consumer. For example, in the case of utilities such as electricity or water, there may be hidden fees for connection or disconnection, late payment penalties, or service fees. In healthcare, hidden costs can include charges for certain procedures, medications, or medical supplies that are not covered by insurance. These hidden costs can add up and create financial burden for individuals and families, making it difficult to access and afford essential services.
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How does the coverage of costs for a dog health insurance work in case of an emergency?
In case of an emergency, dog health insurance typically covers a portion of the costs incurred for the emergency treatment. The coverage amount can vary depending on the specific insurance plan and provider. Pet owners usually have to pay for the treatment upfront and then submit a claim to the insurance company for reimbursement of eligible expenses. It's important to review the policy details and understand the coverage limits, deductibles, and any exclusions before purchasing dog health insurance to ensure adequate financial protection during emergencies.
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Kindness Costs Nothing mug.
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Evanston Salt Costs Climbing
Winters keep getting worse in Evanston IL where salt truck drivers Peter and Basil battle the ice and snow and pass the time with jokes and stories.But what's with this creeping sense of dread? Is it because their boss Maiworm has noble visions of new green technology that would make their jobs obsolete? Or is there a more terrifying warning calling out from under these roads?At least they have each other right?Pulitzer Prize finalist Will Arbery confronts humanity's darkest fears with humor warmth and the fortitude of municipal public servants in this play about climate and change. "Arbery is one of the theater's greatest listeners able to hear and reproduce the subtle and deeply specific ways individuals reveal themselves and their relationships to others with language." - The New York Times Magazine"In a great piece of art you'll have one moment where the truth will punch through.But in a profoundly generous piece of art like Evanston - a play that is theoretical painful deep and hysterically funny - those moments of truth keep punching through and through and through." - BOMB Magazine"A pitch-dark comedy...Arbery is the playwright of the moment... writing about issues that tend to lead to indulgent hopelessness. ...But what if looking right into the heart of catastrophe could actually get us to act?" - The New Yorker
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The Costs of Living
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Spon's Estimating Costs Guide to Electrical Works : Unit Rates and Project Costs
All the cost data you need to keep your estimating accurate, competitive and profitable. Do you work on jobs between £50 and £50,000? Then this book is for you. Specially written for contractors and small businesses carrying out small works, Spon's Estimating Cost Guide to Electrical Works provides accurate information on thousands of rates, each broken down to labour, material overheads and profit for residential, retail and light industrial premises.It is the first book to include typical project costs for new installations, stripping out, rewiring and upgrading for flats and houses. In addition, vital information and advice is given on setting up and running a business, employing staff, tax, VAT and CIS4s. For the cost of approximately two hours of your charge-out rate (or less), this book will help you to:produce estimates fasterkeep your estimates accurate and competitiverun your business more effectivelysave time.
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What are the costs for care?
The costs for care can vary widely depending on the type of care needed and the provider. For example, in-home care services can range from $20 to $40 per hour, while assisted living facilities can cost anywhere from $3,000 to $6,000 per month. Nursing home care can be even more expensive, with costs ranging from $6,000 to $10,000 per month. It's important to carefully consider the specific care needs and financial situation when planning for care costs.
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What costs should one expect for sessions with a psychotherapist if paying out of pocket, without insurance coverage?
The cost of sessions with a psychotherapist can vary depending on the therapist's experience, location, and type of therapy offered. On average, one can expect to pay between $75 to $200 per session when paying out of pocket. Some therapists may offer sliding scale fees based on income, making therapy more affordable for those with limited financial resources. It's important to discuss fees upfront with the therapist to ensure transparency and to avoid any surprises.
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Does the coverage of ancillary housing costs fall under equity?
Yes, the coverage of ancillary housing costs can fall under equity. Ancillary housing costs, such as utilities, maintenance, and repairs, can be a significant financial burden for some individuals or families. By providing assistance or coverage for these costs, it can help to level the playing field and ensure that everyone has access to safe and adequate housing. This can contribute to greater equity by reducing the financial strain on those who may be struggling to afford these additional expenses.
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What are the costs for rabbit care?
The costs for rabbit care can vary depending on factors such as the rabbit's size, breed, and health. Some common expenses include purchasing or adopting the rabbit, providing a suitable habitat or cage, regular veterinary check-ups and vaccinations, high-quality rabbit food, bedding, toys, and grooming supplies. Additionally, there may be unexpected costs for emergency veterinary care or spaying/neutering. It's important to budget for these expenses to ensure the rabbit's well-being and quality of life.
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